Internet Basics

Index

1. Internet Basics
2. Communication on the internet
3. Internet Domains
4. Internet server identities
5. Establishing connectivity on the Internet
6. Client IP address Assignment
7. TCP/IP

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Internet Basics

The Internet is a worldwide telecommunications system that provides connectivity for millions of other, smaller networks; therefore, the Internet is often referred to as a network of networks. It allows computer users to communicate with each other across distance and computer platforms.

What is the Internet?

The Internet is a global network of billions of computers and other electronic devices. With the Internet, it is possible to access almost any information, communicate with anyone else in the world, and do much more.

Communication on the internet

Internet communication has made sure to connect people from two opposite sides of the earth with no problem at all. In the following, we will further elaborate on Internet communication in three parts.

1. What is Internet Communication?

   Internet Communication is referred to as the sharing of information, ideas or simply words over the world wide web, or the Internet. The internet consists of a worldwide string of connected networks that exchange data through packet switching using the standardized internet protocol suite unlike before people can stay at home and be connected to his or her family, friends and even colleagues from anywhere around the world.

2. What are the Advantages of Internet Communication?
   • Versatility - As we have mentioned, internet communication is 24/7, as long as you are connected to the web. When doing business, this can definitely help when emergency situations occur especially in the world of social media advertising where one second of bad publicity seems like eternity.
   • Leveling - Some people are more comfortable taking behind their keyboards than they do in person, this enabling the reserved ones to produce well drawn out thoughts and not get intimidated by “loud” people. This can also give them the sense of satisfaction than when they are more likely to feel awkward in person.
   • Well documented - Unlike usual face-to-face conversations, communication on the internet is well documented, thus creating a more responsible environment where people are held accountable for their words. Growing community. Like all forms of communication, everyone can be shy at first. However, in the case of internet communication, people are more likely to be supportive and engaged in discussion than the other communication forms.
   • Growing community - Like all forms of communication, everyone can be shy at first. However, in the case of internet communication, people are more likely to be supportive and engaged in discussion than the other communication forms.
3. What are the Types of Internet Communication?

   With the advantage of high speed internet connections, the internet has created more ways of instant communications that provide a vast option of information sharing.

   • Social Media Sites - This is a no brainer. Almost everyone with access to the web has a social media account. Whether it be Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or what have you, a single post can connect you to a friend or loved one through means of “liking”, “Sharing”, or “commenting”.
   • Instant Messaging - Instant message or IM is sending a real-time message from one user to another. Examples are yahoo! Messenger, Windows Live Messenger, or the millennial crush Snapchat.
   • E-mail - Electronic mail is the techy version of the traditional mail. This is more likely to be performed when engaging with a person officially, be it conducting a business, heeding for certain requests, or just simple saying” Hi”.
   • Chat Rooms - Before the rise of Social Media, Chat rooms were the golden boys of the internet. It’s the equivalent of partying and getting to know each other where people come together to communicate in the same “room”.
   • Forum - Forums are specifically directed to people who have questions or want to start an idea or thought through group discussions. Each post is classified as a thread and is normally monitored by a mod, or moderator, who can either edit or remove unnecessary posts that are irrelevant to the discussion at hand.
   • Blog - Consider this as your pre-internet; journal or diary. Before, a journal zooms in on one person's life story. Now, a blog is used for more than life sharing people do blogs to earn money by promoting products, information-sharing, giving tutorial , and even making political statements. people can comment and subscribe to their blogs if they like the contents.

Internet Domains

In simple terms, the Internet domain is part of a system in which Internet Addresses are linked to specific locations on the Internet servers, websites, e-mail servers, etc. An internet domain name is your own internet address that you have registered as part of a national or international internet domain. it is an integral part of a website and e-mail address and thus identifies you on the internet.

A web domain is an actual presence on the internet, such as a web page. specifically speaking, a web domain name is a substitute that replaces the Internet Protocol(IP) address.

Internet server identities

Server means a highly performing computer machine that helps to deliver many resources, data, or services to another remote machine called the "Client" over the different types of a network like as LAN or a WAN

Identities/ Types

• Tower Server: - This server is like a normal desktop computer system, but it contains several server hardware components. Today, tower servers are available in various kinds of shapes that is offering plenty of processing power, and you do not need to buy any additional mounting hardware.
• Rack Servers: - This server is placed in the horizontal rack. Multiple servers can be installed in this single rack-mount server chassis. The main objective of developing it is to host and control enterprise solutions, and these types of servers are used in data centers.
• Blade Servers: - Traditional computer servers hardware is enlarged as well as using heavy other parts of the server. But now these days, by removing the hard disk, internal cooling, and ongoing miniaturization of computer parts, these types of servers are converted into a single slim server called a "Blade Servers"
• Web Server: - It delivers static content to web browsers by loading a file from a disc. when users try to open any website on their browsers over the network then all data is exchanged between the browser and server using HTTP.
• Client Server: - Client-server-like special software that helps to fulfill all requests which are coming from a client machine or another machine.
• Dedicated Servers: - This type of server is designed to meet requirements for specific networks otherwise clients. For example, Users pay rent for servers and internet connections for running websites on the Webhost. Now this server will not perform other tasks instead of that.
• FTP Server: - It stands for "File Transfer Protocol", but it is traditional technology. FTP delivers secure file transfer in between multiple computer systems.
• Print Servers: - The print server helps to control several printers along with various software applications, networking devices otherwise other computers. Manly, this server is used for large offices because where multiple guys are required to print. printer server gets print jobs instructions from your PCs and transfers these jobs to the right printers.
• DNS Server: - It stands for Domain Name Server and this server has an enlarged database of IP addresses with their linked Hostnames. On the DNS servers, to operate special software programs as well as they make to communicate with each other with the help of appropriate protocols.
• Database Server: - Database server allows clients to send SQL requests as messages towards the server and finally the output of your query comes back over the network.
• Mail Server: - It helps to send and store all emails over corporate networks via LANs, WANs, and across the Internet.
• Telnet Server: - It allows all users to log on to the host machine and perform their tasks while working on the remote computer terminal.
• Proxy Server: - It plays a role as a middle layer between the client machine and external server to purify all requests, and it helps to improve its performance and share connections.

Establishing connectivity on the Internet

Internet Service offering access to the internet. They offer various services

Type of connectivity

• Dial-up: - This is generally the slowest type of Internet Connection, and you should probably avoid it unless it is the only service available in your area. Dial-up Internet uses your phone lines, so unless you have multiple phone lines you will not be able to use your landline and the internet at the same time
• DSL: - DSL service uses a broadband connection, which makes it much faster than dial-up. DSL connects to the Internet via a phone line but does not require you to have a landline at home. And unlike dial-up, you'll be able to use the Internet and your phone line at the same time.
• Cable: - Cable service connects to the Internet via cable TV, although you do not necessarily need to have cable TV to get it. It uses a broadband connection and can be faster than both dial-up and DSL service; however, it is only available where cable TV is available.
• Satellite: - A satellite connection uses broadband but does not require cable or phone lines; it connects to the Internet through satellites orbiting the Earth. As a result, it can be used almost anywhere in the world but the connection may be affected by weather patterns. Satellite connections are also usually slower than DSL or Cable.
• 3G and 4G: - 3G and 4G service us most commonly used with mobile phones, and it connects wirelessly through your IPS' network. However, these types of connections aren't always as fast as DSC or cable. They will also limit the amount of data you can use each month, which isn't the case with most broadband plans.

Client IP Address

An IP address which is called the Internet Protocol address is assigned as a numerical label to every device that is on a network for communication it uses the internet protocol. The two principle functions served by IP address are: -

• Network or host interface identification
• location addressing

Client IP Addresses Assignment

A permanent IP address is not necessarily required by the computers (Internet Clients) that only read offered information. A client requires a unique IP address when it logon into the internet. The internet server is addressed by the IP, for an accurate reply. The client is connected to the internet via ISP (Internet Service provider), then a temporary assignment of the unique IP address is made to the client device. VSNL (Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited) has been a major provider in India for a very long time. When a client starts the internet connection via VSNL, a dynamic IP is allocated to the client, and then the client successfully login.

ISP’s Task of Assigning IP Addresses

ISP’s purchase a block of unique IP addresses from internationally recognized networking bodies. Thus, whenever a client logs into the Internet via an ISP’s server, one of these unique IP addresses is temporarily assigned to the computer, which logs in. The maximum number of computers that can log into an ISP Server and access the Internet is therefore limited to the block of unique IP addresses purchased by that ISP from the international networking body.

Getting a Temporary IP Address

For a client is a Windows machine, for getting an IP address dynamically from DHNS server of the ISP which is VSNL IP as discussed above. A dial-up line and a modem are used by the client for getting logged in. When a client has logged in, the client machine is allocated an IP address from the block of assigned IP addresses, for a logged-in device. Once we log on to the internet a unique IP address is assigned, other computers on any network can easily communicate by knowing the client IP address i.e. the visibility of all the clients are now open to one another, by having a unique IP through the server.

TCP/IP

The entire internet protocol suite -- a set of rules and procedures -- is commonly referred to as TCP/IP, though others are included in the suite. TCP/IP specifies how data is exchanged over the internet by providing end-to-end communications that identify how it should be broken into packets, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received at the destination. TCP/IP requires little central management, and it is designed to make networks reliable, with the ability to recover automatically from the failure of any device on the network.

The two main protocols in the internet protocol suite serve specific functions. TCP defines how applications can create channels of communication across a network. It also manages how a message is assembled into smaller packets before they are then transmitted over the internet and reassembled in the right order at the destination address.

IP defines how to address and route each packet to make sure it reaches the right destination. Each gateway computer on the network checks this IP address to determine where to forward the message

TCP/IP Model -->